OUR GREAT MINDS

by Tina Olivero

Refinery Strikes Liquid Gold with Efficiency Increases in Catalytic Reformer

Catalytic reforming converts low-octane, straight-run naphtha fractions, particularly heavy naphtha, into a high-octane, low-sulfur reformate, which is a major blending product for gasoline/petrol. The process is endothermic and is carried out by feeding a naphtha and hydrogen mixture to a furnace, where it is heated in a series of fired heaters to the desired temperature, 450° to 520°C (840° to 965°F), before passing through a series of reactors.

Thermal Inefficiencies

In a high temperature environment, steel alloy process tubes will immediately oxidize, and scale will develop. This oxidation scale layer acts as an insulator and will lead to a decrease in heat transfer as the scale increases in thickness. To compensate for the insulating effect of the scale, the heater is subjected to excessive fuel firing. The resulting increased temperate promotes the development of further scale. As oxidation continues, tube metal is consumed leading to a decrease in tube wall thickness, which shortens the tube life.

mulated view: Typical process tube condition Simulated view: Process tubes under IR illustratio

Ceramic Coatings

Ceramic coatings for process tubes prevent oxidation and scale formation for approximately two turnarounds. This thin-film coating maintains the process tube in a like-new condition, maximizing conductive heat transfer to the process and increasing radiant section efficiency. Likewise, by stopping oxidation, tube metal loss is prevented.

Simulated view: Side-by-side comparison of process tubes with and without ceramic coating

Coating Refractory Lining

The Emissivity of typical refractory linings in fired heaters ranges from 0.45-0.65. When radiant energy encounters these refractory linings, much of the energy is reflected back and is absorbed into the flue gas and carried out of the radiant section, into the convection section and out the stack, with the majority never reaching the process.

High emissivity coatings for refractory surfaces increase surface emissivity to 0.92, a near black body. Radiant energy is absorbed by the high emissivity lining and reradiated across a broad spectrum. The reradiated energy is able to penetrate the flue gas and be absorbed by the process increasing radiant section efficiency.

Refractory Coating

Heater Evaluation at a Refinery

A refinery reported that excessive process tube scale on their catalytic reformers was creating a limitation and contacted Cetek, the pre-eminent global turnkey provider of ceramic high-emissivity coatings, for an inspection and recommendation. Cetek visited the site to conduct an infrared inspection of the heaters. After reviewing the infrared images and the data supplied by the refinery’s process engineer, Cetek’s fired heater expert recommended both high emissivity coatings for process tubes and refractory surfaces for all heater cells.

With the predicted fuel savings and capacity increase from the application of high emissivity ceramic coatings, a payback period and return on investment was calculated over the life of the coating. Keeping the same production rate, the coating would produce over $2.9M in fuel savings; when keeping the same firing rate and increasing throughput, over $10.5M in additional profit could be realized from the increase in production.

Post Application Report

After the coating was applied and the catalytic reformer was returned to service, and conditions in the heaters were similar to the pre-evaluation conditions, a fired heater study was completed to measure the actual benefits of the ceramic coatings. The increase radiant efficiency of 10% was achieved.

Taking the cost of the project and the benefits into consideration, the payback was 14 months in terms of fuel savings or 4 months for capacity rate or process severity increase.

Before After the application of Cetek Coating
Tina Olivero

30 years ago, Tina Olivero looked into the future and saw an opportunity to make a difference for her province and people. That difference came in the form of the oil and gas sector. Six years before there was even a drop of oil brought to the shores of Newfoundland, she founded The Oil and Gas Magazine (THE OGM) from a back room in her home on Signal Hill Road, in St. John’s, Newfoundland. A single mother, no financing, no previous journalism or oil and gas experience, she forged ahead, with a creative vision and one heck of a heaping dose of sheer determination. With her pioneering spirit, Ms. Olivero developed a magazine that would educate, inspire, motivate and entertain oil and gas readers around the world — She prides herself in marketing and promoting our province and resources in unprecedented ways. The OGM is a magazine that focuses on our projects, our people, our opportunities and ultimately becomes the bridge to new energy outcomes and a sustainable new energy world. Now diversifying into the communications realms, a natural progression from the Magazine, The OGM now offers an entirely new division - Oil & Gas Media. Today, The Oil and Gas Magazine is a global phenomenon that operates not only in Newfoundland, but also in Calgary and is read by oil and gas enthusiasts in Norway, Aberdeen, across the US and as far reaching as Abu Dhabi, in the Middle East. Believing that Energy is everyone’s business, Ms. Olivero has combined energy + culture to embrace the worlds commitment to a balance of work and home life as well as fostering a foundation for health and well being. In this era of growth and development business and lifestyle are an eloquent mix, there is no beginning or end. Partnering with over 90 oil and gas exhibitions and conferences around the world, Ms. Olivero's role as a Global Visionary is to embrace communication in a way that fosters oil and gas business and industry growth in new and creative ways.

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